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New Hampshire Foreclosure Law Summary
Stop New Hampshire
Foreclosure

Quick Facts
- Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
- Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
- Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
- Timeline: Varies by Process; Typically 60 days
- Right of Redemption: None
- Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes |
In New Hampshire, lenders may foreclose
on a mortgage or deed of trust in default by using either the judicial
or non-judicial foreclosure processes or any of the following special
methods: Entry under Process, Entry and Publication or Possession and
Publication.
Judicial Foreclosure
In New Hampshire, the judicial process of foreclosure is very similar
to that of the strict foreclosure process used in other New England
states. The judicial foreclosure process is one in which the lender
must file a complaint against the borrower and obtain a decree of sale
from a court having jurisdiction in the county where the property is
located before foreclosure proceedings can begin. Generally, if the
court finds the borrower in default, they will give them a set period
of time to pay the delinquent amount, plus costs. If the borrower does
not pay within the set period of time, the court will then order the
property to be sold. Anyone may bid at the foreclosure sale, including
the lender.
Non-Judicial Foreclosure
The non-judicial process of foreclosure is used when a power of sale
clause exists in a mortgage or deed of trust. A "power of sale" clause
is the clause in a deed of trust or mortgage, in which the borrower
pre-authorizes the sale of property to pay off the balance on a loan
in the event of the their default. In deeds of trust or mortgages where
a power of sale exists, the power given to the lender to sell the property
may be executed by the lender or their representative, typically referred
to as the trustee. Regulations for this type of foreclosure process
are outlined below in the "Power of Sale Foreclosure Guidelines".
- Power of Sale Foreclosure Guidelines
- If the deed of trust or mortgage contains a
power of sale clause and specifies the time, place and terms of sale,
then the specified procedure must be followed. Otherwise, the non-judicial
power of sale foreclosure is carried out in the following phases:
- A notice of sale must be recorded in the
county where the property is located and then: 1) mailed to the
borrower at least twenty-five (25) days before the sale; and 2)
published once a week for three (3) weeks, with the first publication
appearing not less than twenty (20) days before the sale, in a newspaper
of general circulation in the county where the property is located.
- The notice should contain the time, date
and place of sale, a description of the property and the default,
as well as a "warning" to the borrower, informing him the property
is going to be sold and what rights he has to stop the procedure.
- The foreclosure sale must be held on the
property itself, unless the power of sale clause specifies a different
location.
Special Methods of
Foreclosure
- Entry under Process - The lender
may foreclose by entering the property under process of law and maintaining
actual possession of the property for one year.
- Entry and Publication - By peaceable entry
onto the property and continued, actual, peaceable possession for
a period of one year, and by a publishing a notice stating the time
of possession, the lender and borrowers name, the date of the mortgage
and a description of the property in a newspaper of general circulation
in the county where the property is located. The notice must be published
for three (3) successive weeks, with the first publication appearing
at least six (6) months before the borrowers right to redeem has expired.
- Possession and Publication - By the lender
in possession of the property publishing a notice stating that from
and after a certain day, the property will be held for default of
the mortgage and the borrowers rights to the property will be foreclosed.
Said notice must be published in a newspaper printed in the county
where the property is located for three (3) successive weeks and must
give the borrower and lenders name, the date of the mortgage, a description
of the property and the lenders intention to hold possession of the
property for at least one (1) year.
Borrowers have no rights of redemption
when any of the three (3) special methods of foreclosure are used.
Click here for more information on New Hampshire foreclosure laws.
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